This type of casket is known as Nanban style, a nickname given to foreigners who arrived ‘from the south’ which translates as 'Southern Barbarian’. It refers to the overseas markets for which these lacquer items were made. They were produced in the late 16th and early 17th centuries for trade with European countries, particularly Portugal (the Portuguese first arrived in the port of Nagasaki in 1543), Spain and the Netherlands. Many were made in Kyoto and their form is inspired by European table cabinets and writing chests. The cost of the materials and the time and skill involved in creating the detailed decoration in such lacquerware meant that it was a very costly product and would have been destined for wealthy customers, often royalty and religious institutions.

According to an entry for the exhibition Japanese Lacquers in the Age of Discovery, December 13, 2016 - January 29, 2017 at Kyoto National Museum, ‘When an object is coated with the sap of the lacquer tree, it becomes extremely tough and durable, resistant to salts, acids, and alcohol. The early Europeans marveled that such lacquerwares could withstand hot water without cracking, and they loved their makie designs made with sprinkled gold powder. Soon makie lacquers had become a popular trade item. In accordance with the tastes of their new Western consumers, makie artists added elements such as inlaid mother-of-pearl and ray skin into their sprinkled gold designs. Some of the shell inlay was influenced by Indian mother-of-pearl techniques, while the ray skin was imported from Siam.’

The decorative designs were not typically Japanese. According to the MET Museum, ‘The leaves and flowers and the geometric borders seen here are not found on contemporaneous works made for use in Japan. It is possible that they demonstrate an awareness of Indian designs transmitted via such trade goods as lacquers and textiles.’ (see MET Museum website entry for accession no. 2015.500.2.29a–k - https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/40331).